What Forgiveness Means｜Mark 11:25 & Matthew 6 「饒恕」的真正意思｜馬可福音 11:25 與 馬太福音 6章

Forgiveness and Trespasses in the Bible｜Meaning and Application

聖經中的饒恕與過犯｜原文意義與實際應用

A Study of “Aphiēmi” and “Paraptōma” with Biblical Teaching

從原文字義與經文看饒恕的原則 

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I. Key Passage: Mark 11:25 關鍵經文：馬可福音 11:25

“And when you stand praying, forgive, if you have anything against anyone; so that your Father also who is in heaven may forgive you your trespasses.” 

「你們站著禱告的時候，若想起有人得罪你們，就當饒恕他，好叫你們在天上的父也饒恕你們的過犯。」

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II. Key Words: “Forgive” and “Trespass” 關鍵字：饒恕與過犯

Forgive (G863, aphiēmi): to send away, let go, release, remit.

(Vine’s Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words, “Forgive”)

饒恕（G863, aphiēmi）：意為「放開、釋放、讓其離開、免除」。

Trespass (G3900, paraptōma): a deviation, fault, offence, sin.

(Vine’s Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words, “Trespass”)

過犯（G3900, paraptōma）：意為「偏離、過失、罪、違犯」。

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III. Parallel Teaching: Matthew 6:14 對照經文：馬太福音 6:14

“For if you forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you.”

(Matthew 6:14, NKJV)

「你們饒恕人的過犯，你們的天父也必饒恕你們的過犯。」

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Greek Word Clarification 原文補充

Forgive（ἀφίημι, aphiēmi）: to send away, release, remit; used of cancelling a debt or letting something go.

(Vine’s Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words)

饒恕（ἀφίημι）：指「實際釋放、免除責任」，不只是心理感受。

Trespasses（παράπτωμα, paraptōma）: a lapse, deviation, moral fault.

(Vine’s Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words)

過犯（παράπτωμα）：指「實際的道德偏離與錯誤」。

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IV. Albert Barnes on Forgiveness Albert Barnes 對饒恕的解釋

“If you forgive others when they offend or injure you, your heavenly Father will also forgive you.”

(Albert Barnes’ Notes on the Bible, Matthew 6:14)

「若你們在別人冒犯或傷害你們時饒恕他們，你們的天父也會饒恕你們。」

This principle is consistently taught throughout the Bible.

這個原則在整本聖經中是一貫的教導。

We are to forgive repeatedly, even “seventy times seven” (Matthew 18:22).

我們應當不斷饒恕，即使「七十個七次」（馬太福音18:22）。

When a person asks for forgiveness, we are to sincerely and fully pardon.

當人請求饒恕時，我們應真誠並完全地赦免。

If he does not ask, we still must not harbor hatred, but treat him kindly and be ready to forgive.

即使對方沒有請求，我們仍不可懷恨，應以仁慈待他，並預備好饒恕。

If we are unwilling to forgive, God will not forgive us.

若我們不願意饒恕人，神也不會饒恕我們。

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V. “Debts” in the Lord’s Prayer 主禱文中的「債」

“And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.” (Matthew 6:12, NKJV)

「免我們的債，如同我們免了人的債。」

Debts (G3783, opheilēma): something owed, figuratively a moral fault.

(Vine’s Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words, “Debt”)

債（G3783, opheilēma）：原指欠債，比喻為道德上的虧欠或罪。

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VI. A Critical Principle 一個關鍵原則

One who comes before God unwilling to forgive cannot expect to receive forgiveness. 

一個不願饒恕他人的人，不能期待從神得到赦免。

Forgiveness is not merely emotional—it is a moral and spiritual requirement. 

饒恕不是情緒，而是一個道德與屬靈的要求。

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VII. Clarification on Financial Debts 關於金錢債務的釐清

This teaching does not mean that all financial debts must be cancelled. 

這並不表示所有金錢債務都必須免除。

However, Christians must not act with cruelty or oppression. 

但基督徒不可用殘酷或壓迫的方式對待他人。

In cases of genuine hardship, mercy should prevail. 

在真正困難的情況下，應以憐憫為優先。

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Conclusion 結論

Biblical forgiveness is not emotional relief, but a deliberate act of releasing the offense before God.

聖經中的饒恕不是情緒上的釋放，而是在神面前「實際放開這個過犯」。

However, this release does not redefine the wrong as right; the trespass remains a real moral failure.

但這種釋放並不是把錯誤變成正確，過犯仍然是真實的罪。

Therefore, forgiveness in Scripture must be understood as a moral and relational act, not merely a psychological state.

因此，聖經中的饒恕是一個道德與關係上的行動，而不只是心理狀態。