「弟兄」與饒恕的真正對象 The True Recipient of “Brother” and Forgiveness
— 從文本、原文、神學三方面的整合解釋
— An Integrated Explanation from Text, Original Language, and Theology
一、文本脈絡（路加 17:3–4）
Textual Context (Luke 17:3–4)
「若是你的弟兄得罪你，就勸戒他；他若懊悔，就饒恕他。」
“If your brother sins against you, rebuke him; and if he repents, forgive him.”
當時的「弟兄」（ἀδελφός）指同一群體的人：血緣、同族、鄰舍皆可，不等於後來的教會成員。
At that time, “brother” (adelphos) referred to someone within the same community—by blood, tribe, or neighborhood—not specifically church members.
耶穌的聽眾尚未成為教會，教會也尚未成立（太16:18 才預告）。
Jesus’ audience had not yet become the church, and the church had not yet been established (Matthew 16:18 only foretells it).
耶穌在太 5:44 已教導要愛仇敵、為逼迫我們的人禱告——若要愛仇敵，一定包含饒恕的空間。
Jesus in Matthew 5:44 already taught to love our enemies and pray for those who persecute us—if we must love enemies, forgiveness must be included.
使徒行傳 23:1，保羅稱反對他的人為「弟兄們」，顯示用法也可延伸到群體同胞，非信徒身分。
In Acts 23:1, Paul calls even those opposing him “brothers,” showing the term extends to communal peers, not necessarily believers.
👉 結論：路加 17 章的「弟兄」，不是教會限定詞，而是「與你有關係的人」。
👉 Conclusion: In Luke 17, “brother” is not a church-restricted term but means “anyone related to you.”
二、原文邏輯（重點不是對象，是條件）
Original-Language Logic (The Focus Is Not the Recipient but the Condition)
路 17:3–4 的中心思想是：
The core teaching of Luke 17:3–4 is:
「若他悔改，就饒恕他。」
“If he repents, forgive him.”
焦點不在「弟兄」，而在悔改（μετανοέω）。
The emphasis is not on “brother,” but on repentance (metanoeō).
凡願意悔改的人——不論是猶太人、外邦人、信徒或未信者——
Anyone willing to repent—Jew, Gentile, believer, or unbeliever—
都在這條原則之下。
Is under this principle.
若把「弟兄」狹隘解讀成「教會內的人」，反而與耶穌自己的行動矛盾：
If “brother” is narrowly limited to “church members,” it contradicts Jesus’ own actions:
祂在十架上為羅馬兵丁祈求赦免（路23:34），顯出神「願萬人悔改」的心腸（彼後3:9）。
He prayed forgiveness for Roman soldiers at the cross (Luke 23:34), revealing God’s heart that He desires all to repent (2 Peter 3:9).
👉 聖經一貫邏輯：悔改帶來饒恕；身分不是條件。
👉 The consistent biblical logic: repentance brings forgiveness; identity is not the condition.
三、神學原則（不可建立雙重標準）
Theological Principle (No Double Standards)
如果說「這段只適用於信徒」，會造成三個神學錯誤：
If we say “this applies only to believers,” it creates three theological errors:
對外人可以懷恨，不用饒恕——與「愛人如己」（太22:39）矛盾。
It implies we may resent outsiders and refuse forgiveness—contradicting “love your neighbor as yourself” (Matt 22:39).
教會倫理變成本位主義——與好撒馬利亞人的教導違背（路10:29–37）。
2. It turns church ethics into tribalism—contradicting the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:29–37).
把饒恕變成宗教內規則——是法利賽式框架，不是基督的心腸。
3. It makes forgiveness an internal religious rule—this is Pharisaic, not Christlike.
加拉太 6:10 也說：
Galatians 6:10 also says:
「向眾人行善，向信徒更當如此。」
“Do good to all people, and especially to those of the household of faith.”
若對「更親近的弟兄」都要看悔改才饒恕，
If repentance is required even for closer brothers,
對外人更應該如此要求，而不是放寬標準。
Then the same standard should apply to outsiders, not a looser one.
👉 神沒有兩套倫理：內部一套、外部一套。神的愛與公義只是一套。
👉 God does not have two sets of ethics—one internal and one external. His love and righteousness are one.
四、最精準總結
Precise Summary
路 17:3–4 的重點不是對象，而是條件。
The focus of Luke 17:3–4 is not the recipient but the condition.
悔改 → 饒恕，這是共同原則。
Repentance → Forgiveness is the shared principle.
任何願意悔改的人——信徒或非信徒——都可得饒恕。
Anyone who repents—believer or unbeliever—may be forgiven.
若拒絕饒恕外人，就已違背神的愛與公義。
Refusing to forgive outsiders violates God’s love and justice.
五、整體真理的呼應
Harmony with the Full Biblical Witness
「你們願意人怎樣待你們，你們也要怎樣待人。」（路 6:31）
“Do to others as you would have them do to you.” (Luke 6:31)
「若能行，總要盡力與眾人和睦。」（羅 12:18）
“If it is possible, as far as it depends on you, live at peace with everyone.” (Rom 12:18)
「要慈悲，像你們的父慈悲。」（路 6:36）
“Be merciful, just as your Father is merciful.” (Luke 6:36)
👉 神的心意從來不是教會內限定，而是普世性的恩慈與公義。
👉 God’s heart is never limited to the church alone but extends His mercy and justice to all humanity.
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